一般金融知识
Financial Literacy is the knowledge gained to implement the most effective and successful money management practices. Financial Literacy is vital for an individuals' professional and personal growth.
Our key goal is to provide students with the information and tools to be financially literate and successful. We will provide information and tools on the following financial literacy topics:
- Budgeting
- 信用卡和信用卡
- 个人理财和债务管理
- 贷款管理和学生贷款整合
Budgeting
什么是预算，我为什么要有预算?
A budget is a record of an individual's income and expenses that will guide the individual to be financially successful. A budget can be as simple as writing down basic monthly income and expense amounts on a piece of paper or creating a detailed worksheet with information for each day of the week. A budget can help individuals reach a variety of financial goals such as saving for a car or encourage an individual to spend less money on clothes or eating out.
创建预算指南
- Track your expenses for a month so you know exactly where you are spending your money
- 评估你的收入与. expenses
- 把你的花费分为需要和需要
- 确定“需要”类别的费用是否可以减少
- 制定一个星期或一个月的预算，并坚持这个预算
- 写下你的短期和长期财务目标, so that while you are following your budget you know what goals you are trying to achieve
- 制作一个示例预算工作表[PDF]来帮助你开始
- Additional Resources:
http://cgi.money.cnn.com/tools/budget101/budget_101.jsp
http://www.cc-bc.com/
信用卡和信用卡
What is Credit?
信用是你作为借款人的声誉. 它告诉别人你偿还债务的可能性有多大. 信用是由你的借贷历史信息组成的. 大部分信息来自你的信用报告.
什么是信用报告?
信用报告包含有关您的借款历史的信息. 贷款人提供的信息最终会出现在信用报告中. How much you borrow, your repayment history and other details about your borrowing behavior are on your credit report. When someone wants a credit report, it is requested from a credit reporting company. 这些机构收集并分发你的所有信息.
What is a Credit Score?
信用机构使用你的信用记录来确定信用评分. These scores are determined by a computer program that runs through your credit report. 它寻找模式(比如按时付款), 特征和任何可能需要注意的危险信号. Credit scores are used for multiple areas in your life such as lending decisions for cars or mortgages, 保险，甚至是就业许可.
建立信用的必要性
If you do not have a credit history, lenders do not know if they should lend you money. It is not able to be determined if you are a responsible debt-payer or a bad risk. 你需要建立信用来证明你的信誉. Young adults who are just starting to learn about financial responsibilities need to build credit. However, remember that credit can be a useful tool but it can also get you into trouble. After you begin building credit you may be inundated with tempting new credit offers. Banks, credit card companies and others will want to loan to you as you are a good borrower. Don't take every offer only borrow money when it is truly beneficial to you.
How to Monitor Credit
在你建立信用之后，你必须监控它. The US Government requires that the credit bureaus provide an annual free credit report to you and you should take advantage of this right by visiting the site below under additional resources.
信用卡使用的基本指引
Getting your first credit card is a big step and one that affects your future. 信用卡是严肃的. Credit card companies are lending you money and you have responsibilities.
一张牌就足够了. 避免拥有多张卡片的诱惑.
保持尽可能低的余额. 尽可能每个月还清你的余额. If that is not possible, pay as much as you can over the minimum payment each month. Use the card for emergencies and keep cash and checks for everyday purchases. 制定支出和预算计划. 不要让信用卡支付超过你月收入的20%.
如果信用卡成了问题, 停止使用它一段时间，直到它重新得到控制.
Additional Resources
- http://www.annualcreditreport.com/cra/index?move=yes
- http://www.consumerfinance.gov/credit-cards/
- http://www.bankrate.com/calculators/credit-cards/credit-card-payoff-calculator.aspx
个人理财和债务管理
什么是个人理财?
Personal finance is the application of the principles of finance to the monetary decisions of an individual or family unit. 它解决了个人或家庭获得的方式, budget, 随着时间的推移，节省和花费金钱资源, 考虑到各种财务风险和未来生活事件. Components of personal finance might include checking and savings accounts, 信用卡和消费贷款, 股票市场的投资, retirement plans, 社会保障福利, insurance policies, 所得税管理. 个人理财的关键组成部分是财务规划, which is a dynamic process that requires regular monitoring and reevaluation.
一般来说，它有五个步骤:
- Assessment - One's personal finance situation can be assessed by compiling simplified versions of financial balance sheets and income statements.
- Setting goals - Goal-setting is done with an objective to meet certain financial requirements.
- Creating a plan -财务计划详细说明如何完成目标. It could include, for example, 减少不必要的开支, 增加就业收入, 或者投资股票市场.
- Execution - Execution of one's personal financial plan often requires discipline and perseverance. 许多人从会计等专业人士那里获得帮助, financial planners, investment advisers, and lawyers.
- 监测和重新评估 - As time passes, one's personal financial plan must be monitored for possible reevaluation and/or adjustments.
What is Debt Management?
简单地说，债务管理就是管理债务的行为. However, it can also refer to a credit counseling service that consolidates your unsecured debt into one monthly payment, 是由信用咨询服务直接寄给你的债权人的吗.
Debt management is one of many options that consumers have for reducing their credit card debts. 消费者可以尝试自己管理债务. Financial experts recommend that consumers should be tracking how much money they pay out every month, 不仅仅是他们为了减少各种债务而付出的代价, 还包括日常开销和生活费. By doing so, they may be able to identify ways to cut costs for luxuries and other purchases before making more radical decisions.
预算和资金管理的基本规则
评估你的财务状况. Determine your living expenses, periodic expenses and monthly debt payments you owe. 把你的开支和你每月的净收入进行比较. 注意你的总债务.
制定一个切实可行的计划. 创建一个工作表来记录你每月的开支. 记录下你把钱花在哪里和什么地方了. These expenses could be fixed (housing, utilities, child care, student loan payments, etc.) or flexible expenses which vary from week to week or month to month (unexpected emergencies, 医疗和处方账单, eating out, etc.一旦你知道你把钱花在了什么地方, you have the ability to take control of your finances by creating a budget.
确定需求和欲望之间的区别. Create a sound budget by taking care of your needs first (food, housing, clothing, transportation). 只有在需求得到满足之后，钱才应该花在想要的东西上.
不要让支出超过收入. 当你接近超支时，调整你的预算. 自带一周的午餐，而不是外出就餐. Evaluate the importance of expensive luxuries such as cell phones, cable TV, and designer clothes.
Pay bills on time. 保持良好的信用等级，避免滞纳金. If you are unable to pay your creditors, call, explain your situation and set up a payment agreement.
Use credit wisely. Determine what you can comfortably afford to purchase on credit by reviewing your budget. 不要让你的信用卡支付超过你每月工资的20%. 支付超过最低限额的费用. 在你的付款中再加几美元. 避免从一个债权人那里借钱来偿还另一个债权人. Make a conscious effort to use paper (actual dollars available) not plastic (credit cards).